Skip to content
The African Exponent DATA
Resources

Ethiopia

ET · currency ETB (Ethiopian birr)

On this page

Overview

Coverage: 39 of 41 annual indicators reported, latest years 2014–2026. Gaps read “not available” (source has no figure) or “not yet covered” (not yet collected), never zero.

Currencies & Rates

Official and market exchange rates, policy rates, government yields, bank rates, reserves and stock indices.

Exchange rates

ETB per US$1. Official and market rates are separate series and are never blended.
SeriesRateAs ofSource
Official rate reference 161.49 10 Oct 2026, 00:02 UTC NBE reference (open.er-api.com)
Retail remittance rate retail 158.70 10 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC Remitly
Market premium% by which the market rate exceeds the official rate -1.73% — How we measure

Market premium history · since Aug 2026 · collected by The African Exponent

-3%0%2%Aug 2026Sep 2026Oct 2026

Official rate, 10-year annual average (ETB per US$1, World Bank)

195183201420162018202020222024

Policy rate

InstrumentRateEffectiveSource
Policy rate% per year · National Bank of Ethiopia 16.00% 13 Jul 2026 National Bank of Ethiopia

Checked 5 Oct 2026, 09:30 UTC

Government securities yields

% yield at the latest auction for each tenor. Tenors up to 364 days are Treasury bills; longer tenors are bonds. weighted avg Source: NBE

91-day 4.015%2 Sep 2026
182-day 5.142%2 Sep 2026
364-day 7.852%2 Sep 2026

Steep — 364-day above 91-day.

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ethiopia · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
FX reserves Current US$, total reserves including gold includes gold $3.8B 2024 ↑ $259.1M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare

Not available for Ethiopia: Lending rate, Deposit rate.

Show trend charts (1)

FX reserves

$3.8B · 2024

$1.1B$2.5B$4B201420162018202020222024

↑ $259.1M since 2014

Back to top

Economy & Prices

Output, growth, inflation, jobs, investment, the structure of the economy and minimum wages.

Inflation % change from a year earlier

Headline 15.10% Aug 2026 headline CPI Source
Food 14.90% Aug 2026 Food & non-alcoholic beverages Source

Checked 12 Sep 2026, 19:49 UTC

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ethiopia · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
GDP Current US$ $126.4B 2025 ↑ $70.7B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP growth % change, real (inflation-adjusted) 9.8% 2025 ↓ 0.5 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita (PPP) Current international $ per person, PPP $3,622 2025 ↑ $2,137 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita growth % change per person, real 7% 2025 ↓ 0.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Unemployment % of labour force ILO modeled estimate — national definitions differ 3.3% 2025 ↑ 1 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Investment rate Gross fixed capital formation, % of GDP 20.1% 2025 ↓ 17.9 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Agriculture share of GDP Agriculture value added, % of GDP 32.8% 2025 ↓ 5.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Manufacturing share of GDP Manufacturing value added, % of GDP 4.2% 2025 ↑ 0.2 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Services share of GDP Services value added, % of GDP 36.6% 2025 ↓ 3.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Minimum wage Local currency per month, national statutory floor No statutory national minimum. Not the civil-service floor, and not ETB 0. no statutory minimum — — No enacted national private-sector minimum-wage proclamation CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (9)

GDP

$126.4B · 2025

$62B$106B$150B201520172019202120232025

↑ $70.7B since 2014

GDP growth

9.8% · 2025

5.3%7.7%10%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.5 pts since 2014

GDP per capita (PPP)

$3,622 · 2025

$1,600$2,600$3,600201520172019202120232025

↑ $2,137 since 2014

GDP per capita growth

7% · 2025

2.5%5%7.5%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.3 pts since 2014

Unemployment

3.3% · 2025

2.4%3.2%4%201520172019202120232025

↑ 1 pts since 2014

Investment rate

20.1% · 2025

20%30.5%41%201520172019202120232025

↓ 17.9 pts since 2014

Agriculture share of GDP

32.8% · 2025

31%34.5%38%201520172019202120232025

↓ 5.7 pts since 2014

Manufacturing share of GDP

4.2% · 2025

4.2%5.2%6.2%201520172019202120232025

↑ 0.2 pts since 2014

Services share of GDP

36.6% · 2025

36%38%40%201520172019202120232025

↓ 3.3 pts since 2014

Back to top

Public Finance & Debt

Government revenue, budget balance, public and external debt, debt service and sovereign credit ratings.

Sovereign credit ratings

No published sovereign rating recorded

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ethiopia · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Government revenue / GDP General government revenue, % of GDP 2026 is an IMF projection (forecast) for the year in progress when fetched, not a reported outturn. 11.3% 2026 ↓ 3.6 pts since 2014 IMF DataMapper CSV Rank Compare
Budget balance / GDP General government net lending/borrowing, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates -1.8% 2026 ↑ 0.8 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Debt to GDP General government gross debt, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates 40.4% 2026 ↓ 3.7 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Gross debt (national currency) General government gross debt, local currency Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates Br7.8T 2026 ↑ Br7.4T since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV
External debt Total external debt stocks, current US$ $36.5B 2024 ↑ $19.6B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Debt service / exports Total debt service, % of exports and primary income 11.5% 2024 ↓ 0.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (6)

Government revenue / GDP

11.3% · 2026

7.5%11.8%16%201620182020202220242026

↓ 3.6 pts since 2014

Budget balance / GDP

-1.8% · 2026

-4.2%-2.7%-1.2%20142017202020232026

↑ 0.8 pts since 2014

Debt to GDP

40.4% · 2026

33%45.5%58%20142017202020232026

↓ 3.7 pts since 2014

Gross debt (national currency)

Br7.8T · 2026

Br460BBr4.1TBr7.8T20142017202020232026

↑ Br7.4T since 2014

External debt

$36.5B · 2024

$16B$26.5B$37B201420162018202020222024

↑ $19.6B since 2014

Debt service / exports

11.5% · 2024

11%20%29%201420162018202020222024

↓ 0.3 pts since 2014

Back to top

Trade & Resources

Exports, imports, trade partners and products, investment and remittance flows, oil and commodities.

Trade profile

Goods and services, current US$
FlowLatestChange
Exports $13.2B · 2024 ↑ $6.8B since 2014
Imports $25.1B · 2024 ↑ $6.9B since 2014
Balance derived −$11.9B · 2024 ↓ $130.1M since 2014
Show trade trend charts (3)

Exports

$13.2B · 2024

$5.9B$9.4B$13B201420162018202020222024

↑ $6.8B since 2014

Imports

$25.1B · 2024

$17B$21B$25B201420162018202020222024

↑ $6.9B since 2014

Balance

−$11.9B · 2024

$-15B$-12.2B$-9.5B201420162018202020222024

↓ $130.1M since 2014

Top exports · 2023

Products

  1. Coffee, tea, spices$1.2B · 43.2%
  2. Edible vegetables$499.5M · 17.5%
  3. Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits$424.5M · 14.8%
  4. Live trees and plants$262.1M · 9.2%
  5. Meat and edible offal$63M · 2.2%
Show all 10 products
  1. Apparel, knitted$59.8M · 2.1%
  2. Machinery and mechanical appliances$58M · 2.0%
  3. Apparel, not knitted$34.4M · 1.2%
  4. Cereal, flour, starch preparations$23.9M · 0.8%
  5. Raw hides, skins, leather$20.3M · 0.7%

Partners

  1. Saudi Arabia$297.9M · 10.4%
  2. United States$276.5M · 9.7%
  3. Netherlands$218.7M · 7.6%
  4. United Arab Emirates$163.9M · 5.7%
  5. Somalia$142.2M · 5.0%
Show all 10 partners
  1. India$139.3M · 4.9%
  2. Germany$135.4M · 4.7%
  3. China$131.6M · 4.6%
  4. South Korea$116.1M · 4.1%
  5. Japan$104.1M · 3.6%

Top imports · 2023

Products

  1. Mineral fuels$2.7B · 15.5%
  2. Machinery and mechanical appliances$1.9B · 11.3%
  3. Electrical machinery and equipment$1.3B · 7.8%
  4. Vehicles other than railway$1.3B · 7.7%
  5. Fertilisers$1.2B · 7.0%
Show all 10 products
  1. Plastics$832.5M · 4.9%
  2. Animal or vegetable fats and oils$749.6M · 4.4%
  3. Pharmaceutical products$676.7M · 4.0%
  4. Iron and steel$672.7M · 3.9%
  5. Cereals$576M · 3.4%

Partners

  1. China$5.6B · 32.7%
  2. India$1.6B · 9.6%
  3. Kuwait$1.3B · 7.8%
  4. Saudi Arabia$1.1B · 6.6%
  5. United States$1.1B · 6.3%
Show all 10 partners
  1. Morocco$676.6M · 4.0%
  2. Türkiye$620M · 3.6%
  3. United Arab Emirates$471.9M · 2.8%
  4. Egypt$454.7M · 2.7%
  5. Japan$381.9M · 2.2%

2025 filings are still arriving — this page updates as each country reports

Commodity exposure for Ethiopia →

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ethiopia · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Exports of goods and services Goods and services, current US$ $13.2B 2024 ↑ $6.8B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Exports per capita derived Current US$ per person (derived) $99.88 2024 ↑ $36.73 since 2014 Derived from World Bank series on this page CSV Rank Compare
Current account / GDP Current-account balance, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates -2.4% 2026 ↑ 5.5 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
FDI inflows Foreign direct investment, net inflows, current US$ $4B 2024 ↑ $2.2B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Remittances Personal remittances received, current US$ $7.1B 2024 ↑ $5.3B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Terms of trade Net barter terms of trade, index (2015 = 100) 118.50 2024 ↑ 17.60 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tourist arrivals International tourist arrivals per year 518,000 2020 ↓ 252,000 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (7)

Exports of goods and services

$13.2B · 2024

$5.9B$9.4B$13B201420162018202020222024

↑ $6.8B since 2014

Exports per capita

$99.88 · 2024

$55$77.5$100201420162018202020222024

↑ $36.73 since 2014

Current account / GDP

-2.4% · 2026

-12%-6.5%-0.9%20142017202020232026

↑ 5.5 pts since 2014

FDI inflows

$4B · 2024

$1.8B$3B$4.3B201420162018202020222024

↑ $2.2B since 2014

Remittances

$7.1B · 2024

$390M$3.7B$7.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $5.3B since 2014

Terms of trade

118.50 · 2024

91.00105.50120.00201420162018202020222024

↑ 17.60 since 2014

Tourist arrivals

518,000 · 2020

510,000720,000930,0002014201620182020

↓ 252,000 since 2014

Back to top

People & Society

Population, health, education, poverty and inequality, access to services and democracy.

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ethiopia · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Population People, total 135.5M 2025 ↑ 34.4M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Median age Years 18.7 years 2023 ↑ 2 years since 2014 UN WPP 2024, via Our World in Data CSV
Life expectancy Years at birth 67.6 years 2024 ↑ 4.7 years since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Child mortality Under-5 deaths per 1,000 live births 44.5 per 1,000 2024 ↓ 23.2 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Health expenditure Current health spending, % of GDP 2.8% 2023 ↓ 1.2 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Physicians Per 1,000 people 0.1 per 1,000 2023 ↑ 0.1 since 2018 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Adult literacy % of people aged 15 and over 60.5% 2022 ↑ 13 pts since 2016 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tertiary enrollment Gross enrolment ratio, % 5.9% 2014 — World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Poverty ($3/day) % of people below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) 38.6% 2021 ↑ 5.6 pts since 2015 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
National poverty line % of people below the national poverty line 33.1% 2021 ↑ 9.6 pts since 2015 World Bank CSV
Gini index Income inequality, 0 (equal) to 100 31.10 2021 ↓ 3.90 since 2015 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electricity access % of population 56.6% 2024 ↑ 29.4 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Internet users % of population using the internet 21.9% 2024 ↑ 14.2 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Account ownership % of people aged 15+ with an account Findex · every 3–4 years 48.8% 2024 ↑ 27 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electoral democracy V-Dem electoral democracy index, 0 to 1 0.26 2025 ↑ 0.03 since 2014 V-Dem Institute CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (14)

Population

135.5M · 2025

100M120M140M201520172019202120232025

↑ 34.4M since 2014

Median age

18.7 years · 2023

1617.5192014201820202023

↑ 2 years since 2014

Life expectancy

67.6 years · 2024

626568201420162018202020222024

↑ 4.7 years since 2014

Child mortality

44.5 per 1,000 · 2024

445770201420162018202020222024

↓ 23.2 since 2014

Health expenditure

2.8% · 2023

2.8%3.4%4%2014201820202023

↓ 1.2 pts since 2014

Physicians

0.1 per 1,000 · 2023

0.0750.10750.14201820192020202120222023

↑ 0.1 since 2018

Adult literacy

60.5% · 2022

47%53.5%60%2016201820202022

↑ 13 pts since 2016

Poverty ($3/day)

38.6% · 2021

33%36%39%2015201720192021

↑ 5.6 pts since 2015

National poverty line

33.1% · 2021

23%28%33%2015201720192021

↑ 9.6 pts since 2015

Gini index

31.10 · 2021

31.0033.0035.002015201720192021

↓ 3.90 since 2015

Electricity access

56.6% · 2024

27%42%57%201420162018202020222024

↑ 29.4 pts since 2014

Internet users

21.9% · 2024

7.6%14.8%22%201420162018202020222024

↑ 14.2 pts since 2014

Account ownership

48.8% · 2024

21%35%49%201420162018202020222024

↑ 27 pts since 2014

Electoral democracy

0.26 · 2025

0.220.280.33201520172019202120232025

↑ 0.03 since 2014

Back to top

Listed companies

Listed in Ethiopia, country of incorporation not established

Listed on the Ethiopian Securities Exchange; no official source we collected states where these companies are incorporated, so they are not counted as Ethiopia companies.

All listed companies · Company CSV downloads

Downloads

Each indicator row above has its own CSV link. Every file starts with its source, source URL and page link. All downloads

All 44 CSV files for Ethiopia

Currencies & Rates

Economy & Prices

Public Finance & Debt

Trade & Resources

People & Society

From the magazine