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Mali

ML · currency XOF (West African CFA franc)

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Overview

  • Population

    25.2M

    people · 2025

    World Bank

  • GDP

    $30.1B

    current US$ · 2025

    World Bank

  • Inflation

    not yet covered

  • Policy rate

    3.00%

    % · effective 16 Mar 2026

    BCEAO

  • Official exchange rate

    588.88

    XOF per US$1 · 7 Oct 2026, 00:00 UTC

    BCEAO

  • USDT peer-to-peer rate parallel market

    606.99

    XOF per US$1 · 8 Oct 2026, 06:25 UTC

    Bybit P2P

Coverage: 39 of 40 annual indicators reported, latest years 2015–2026. Gaps read “not available” (source has no figure) or “not yet covered” (not yet collected), never zero.

Currencies & Rates

Official and market exchange rates, policy rates, government yields, bank rates, reserves and stock indices.

Exchange rates

XOF per US$1. Official and market rates are separate series and are never blended.
SeriesRateAs ofSource
Official rate 588.88 7 Oct 2026, 00:00 UTC BCEAO
Parallel-market rate (USDT peer-to-peer median) parallel 606.99 8 Oct 2026, 06:25 UTC Bybit P2P
Market premium% by which the market rate exceeds the official rate +3.08% — How we measure

Market premium history · since Aug 2026 · collected by The African Exponent

0.6%2.1%3.7%Aug 2026Sep 2026Oct 2026

Official rate, 10-year annual average (XOF per US$1, World Bank)

49055562020142017202020232025

Policy rate

InstrumentRateEffectiveSource
Taux directeur (principal)% per year · BCEAO 3.00% 16 Mar 2026 BCEAO

Checked 12 Sep 2026, 01:10 UTC

Government securities yields

% yield at the latest auction for each tenor. Tenors up to 364 days are Treasury bills; longer tenors are bonds. weighted avg Source: UMOA-Titres

364-day 5.03%10 Jun 2026

as of 10 Jun 2026

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Mali · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Lending rate % per year, average bank lending rate 5.3% 2016 ↓ 0 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Deposit rate % per year, average bank deposit rate 6.9% 2016 ↓ 0.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare

Not available for Mali: FX reserves.

Show trend charts (2)

Lending rate

5.3% · 2016

5.1%5.2%5.3%201420152016

↓ 0 pts since 2014

Deposit rate

6.9% · 2016

6.9%7.1%7.3%201420152016

↓ 0.3 pts since 2014

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Economy & Prices

Output, growth, inflation, jobs, investment, the structure of the economy and minimum wages.

Inflation % change from a year earlier

not yet covered

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Mali · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
GDP Current US$ $30.1B 2025 ↑ $13B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP growth % change, real (inflation-adjusted) 5.6% 2025 ↓ 0.9 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita (PPP) Current international $ per person, PPP $3,503 2025 ↑ $1,318 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita growth % change per person, real 2.6% 2025 ↓ 0.6 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Unemployment % of labour force ILO modeled estimate — national definitions differ 2.8% 2025 ↑ 1.4 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Investment rate Gross fixed capital formation, % of GDP 21.7% 2025 ↓ 4.4 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Agriculture share of GDP Agriculture value added, % of GDP 33% 2025 ↑ 3.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Manufacturing share of GDP Manufacturing value added, % of GDP 7.5% 2025 ↓ 2.5 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Services share of GDP Services value added, % of GDP 36.6% 2025 ↓ 3.6 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (9)

GDP

$30.1B · 2025

$15B$22.5B$30B201520172019202120232025

↑ $13B since 2014

GDP growth

5.6% · 2025

-2%0%7%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.9 pts since 2014

GDP per capita (PPP)

$3,503 · 2025

$2,300$2,900$3,500201520172019202120232025

↑ $1,318 since 2014

GDP per capita growth

2.6% · 2025

-5%0%3%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.6 pts since 2014

Unemployment

2.8% · 2025

1.3%2.6%4%201520172019202120232025

↑ 1.4 pts since 2014

Investment rate

21.7% · 2025

20%23%26%201520172019202120232025

↓ 4.4 pts since 2014

Agriculture share of GDP

33% · 2025

30%31.5%33%201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.7 pts since 2014

Manufacturing share of GDP

7.5% · 2025

7%8%8.9%201520172019202120232025

↓ 2.5 pts since 2014

Services share of GDP

36.6% · 2025

35%37.5%40%201520172019202120232025

↓ 3.6 pts since 2014

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Public Finance & Debt

Government revenue, budget balance, public and external debt, debt service and sovereign credit ratings.

Sovereign credit ratings

No published sovereign rating recorded

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Mali · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Government revenue / GDP General government revenue, % of GDP 2026 is an IMF projection (forecast) for the year in progress when fetched, not a reported outturn. 20.2% 2026 ↑ 5.8 pts since 2014 IMF DataMapper CSV Rank Compare
Budget balance / GDP General government net lending/borrowing, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates -2.4% 2026 ↑ 0 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Debt to GDP General government gross debt, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates 40.8% 2026 ↑ 18.2 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Gross debt (national currency) General government gross debt, local currency Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates CFA7.7T 2026 ↑ CFA5.8T since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV
External debt Total external debt stocks, current US$ $6.4B 2024 ↑ $2.9B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Debt service / exports Total debt service, % of exports and primary income 6.2% 2024 ↑ 2.9 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (6)

Government revenue / GDP

20.2% · 2026

13%16.5%20%201620182020202220242026

↑ 5.8 pts since 2014

Budget balance / GDP

-2.4% · 2026

-4.6%-3%-1.4%20142017202020232026

↑ 0 pts since 2014

Debt to GDP

40.8% · 2026

22%33%44%20142017202020232026

↑ 18.2 pts since 2014

Gross debt (national currency)

CFA7.7T · 2026

CFA1.9TCFA4.8TCFA7.7T20142017202020232026

↑ CFA5.8T since 2014

External debt

$6.4B · 2024

$3.5B$5B$6.5B201420162018202020222024

↑ $2.9B since 2014

Debt service / exports

6.2% · 2024

3.2%4.7%6.2%201420162018202020222024

↑ 2.9 pts since 2014

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Trade & Resources

Exports, imports, trade partners and products, investment and remittance flows, oil and commodities.

Trade profile

Goods and services, current US$
FlowLatestChange
Exports $6B · 2024 ↑ $2.8B since 2014
Imports $7.3B · 2024 ↑ $1.8B since 2014
Balance derived −$1.3B · 2024 ↑ $937M since 2014
Show trade trend charts (3)

Exports

$6B · 2024

$3.1B$4.6B$6.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $2.8B since 2014

Imports

$7.3B · 2024

$5.1B$6.6B$8.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $1.8B since 2014

Balance

−$1.3B · 2024

$-2.4B$-1.8B$-1.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $937M since 2014

Top exports · 2023

Products

  1. Pearls, precious stones and metals$3.1B · 76.7%
  2. Cotton$324.7M · 8.1%
  3. Live animals$158.4M · 4.0%
  4. Mineral fuels$63.2M · 1.6%
  5. Fertilisers$62M · 1.5%
Show all 10 products
  1. Machinery and mechanical appliances$58.5M · 1.5%
  2. Vehicles other than railway$35.6M · 0.9%
  3. Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits$27.2M · 0.7%
  4. Iron and steel$25M · 0.6%
  5. Edible fruit and nuts$22.9M · 0.6%

Partners

  1. South Africa$1.8B · 45.5%
  2. M49 757$839.1M · 20.9%
  3. Australia$334.9M · 8.4%
  4. Bangladesh$205.5M · 5.1%
  5. Burkina Faso$117.6M · 2.9%
Show all 10 partners
  1. Côte d'Ivoire$115.5M · 2.9%
  2. Senegal$109.2M · 2.7%
  3. Guinea$70.6M · 1.8%
  4. India$51.4M · 1.3%
  5. Türkiye$39.8M · 1.0%

Top imports · 2023

Products

  1. Mineral fuels$2.3B · 36.3%
  2. Machinery and mechanical appliances$465.2M · 7.3%
  3. Electrical machinery and equipment$426.6M · 6.6%
  4. Cereals$341.4M · 5.3%
  5. Salt, earths, stone, cement$334.6M · 5.2%
Show all 10 products
  1. Vehicles other than railway$307.1M · 4.8%
  2. Fertilisers$254.5M · 4.0%
  3. Pharmaceutical products$238.3M · 3.7%
  4. Plastics$148.9M · 2.3%
  5. Iron and steel$139M · 2.2%

Partners

  1. Senegal$1.4B · 21.7%
  2. Côte d'Ivoire$1.3B · 21.0%
  3. China$885.2M · 13.8%
  4. France$385.4M · 6.0%
  5. India$303.5M · 4.7%
Show all 10 partners
  1. United States$175.8M · 2.7%
  2. Finland$147.4M · 2.3%
  3. Japan$137.5M · 2.1%
  4. Burkina Faso$119.6M · 1.9%
  5. Germany$113M · 1.8%

2025 filings are still arriving — this page updates as each country reports

Commodity exposure for Mali →

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Mali · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Exports of goods and services Goods and services, current US$ $6B 2024 ↑ $2.8B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Exports per capita derived Current US$ per person (derived) $244.87 2024 ↑ $65.07 since 2014 Derived from World Bank series on this page CSV Rank Compare
Current account / GDP Current-account balance, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates -1.5% 2026 ↑ 2.5 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
FDI inflows Foreign direct investment, net inflows, current US$ $921M 2024 ↑ $776.8M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Remittances Personal remittances received, current US$ $1.1B 2024 ↑ $147.4M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Terms of trade Net barter terms of trade, index (2015 = 100) 145.00 2024 ↑ 45.80 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tourist arrivals International tourist arrivals per year 217,000 2019 ↑ 49,000 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (7)

Exports of goods and services

$6B · 2024

$3.1B$4.6B$6.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $2.8B since 2014

Exports per capita

$244.87 · 2024

$160$210$260201420162018202020222024

↑ $65.07 since 2014

Current account / GDP

-1.5% · 2026

-6.6%-3.7%-0.8%20142017202020232026

↑ 2.5 pts since 2014

FDI inflows

$921M · 2024

$140M$530M$920M201420162018202020222024

↑ $776.8M since 2014

Remittances

$1.1B · 2024

$810M$955M$1.1B201420162018202020222024

↑ $147.4M since 2014

Terms of trade

145.00 · 2024

99.00119.50140.00201420162018202020222024

↑ 45.80 since 2014

Tourist arrivals

217,000 · 2019

150,000185,000220,000201420152016201720182019

↑ 49,000 since 2014

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People & Society

Population, health, education, poverty and inequality, access to services and democracy.

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Mali · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Population People, total 25.2M 2025 ↑ 7.2M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Median age Years 15.5 years 2023 ↑ 0.6 years since 2014 UN WPP 2024, via Our World in Data CSV
Life expectancy Years at birth 60.7 years 2024 ↑ 3.2 years since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Child mortality Under-5 deaths per 1,000 live births 73 per 1,000 2024 ↓ 41.4 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Health expenditure Current health spending, % of GDP 3.8% 2023 ↓ 0.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Physicians Per 1,000 people 0.2 per 1,000 2023 ↑ 0.1 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Adult literacy % of people aged 15 and over 35.6% 2024 ↑ 2.6 pts since 2015 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tertiary enrollment Gross enrolment ratio, % 5.1% 2015 ↓ 0.4 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Poverty ($3/day) % of people below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) 36.1% 2021 ↑ 6.7 pts since 2018 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
National poverty line % of people below the national poverty line 45.5% 2021 ↑ 3.4 pts since 2018 World Bank CSV
Gini index Income inequality, 0 (equal) to 100 35.70 2021 ↓ 0.30 since 2018 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electricity access % of population 49.5% 2024 ↑ 15.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Internet users % of population using the internet 36.8% 2024 ↑ 29.8 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Account ownership % of people aged 15+ with an account Findex · every 3–4 years 54.7% 2024 ↑ 34.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electoral democracy V-Dem electoral democracy index, 0 to 1 0.16 2025 ↓ 0.38 since 2014 V-Dem Institute CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (15)

Population

25.2M · 2025

18M21.5M25M201520172019202120232025

↑ 7.2M since 2014

Median age

15.5 years · 2023

1414.5152014201820202023

↑ 0.6 years since 2014

Life expectancy

60.7 years · 2024

575961201420162018202020222024

↑ 3.2 years since 2014

Child mortality

73 per 1,000 · 2024

7391.5110201420162018202020222024

↓ 41.4 since 2014

Health expenditure

3.8% · 2023

3.5%4%4.5%2014201820202023

↓ 0.7 pts since 2014

Physicians

0.2 per 1,000 · 2023

0.0940.1420.192014201820202023

↑ 0.1 since 2014

Adult literacy

35.6% · 2024

33%34.5%36%2015201920212024

↑ 2.6 pts since 2015

Tertiary enrollment

5.1% · 2015

5.1%5.3%5.5%20142015

↓ 0.4 pts since 2014

Poverty ($3/day)

36.1% · 2021

29%32.5%36%2018201920202021

↑ 6.7 pts since 2018

National poverty line

45.5% · 2021

42%44%46%2018201920202021

↑ 3.4 pts since 2018

Gini index

35.70 · 2021

35.0035.5036.002018201920202021

↓ 0.30 since 2018

Electricity access

49.5% · 2024

34%44%54%201420162018202020222024

↑ 15.3 pts since 2014

Internet users

36.8% · 2024

7%22%37%201420162018202020222024

↑ 29.8 pts since 2014

Account ownership

54.7% · 2024

20%37.5%55%201420162018202020222024

↑ 34.7 pts since 2014

Electoral democracy

0.16 · 2025

0.160.350.54201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.38 since 2014

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Downloads

Each indicator row above has its own CSV link. Every file starts with its source, source URL and page link. All downloads

All 42 CSV files for Mali

Currencies & Rates

Economy & Prices

Public Finance & Debt

Trade & Resources

People & Society

From the magazine