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Ghana

GH · currency GHS (Ghanaian cedi)

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Overview

  • Population

    35.1M

    people · 2025

    World Bank

  • GDP

    $114.2B

    current US$ · 2025

    World Bank

  • Inflation

    5.00%

    headline, % y/y · Aug 2026

    National statistics office

  • Policy rate

    14.00%

    % · effective 18 Mar 2026

    Bank of Ghana

  • Official exchange rate

    11.83

    GHS per US$1 · 7 Oct 2026, 00:00 UTC

    BoG

  • USDT peer-to-peer rate parallel market

    12.11

    GHS per US$1 · 8 Oct 2026, 07:10 UTC

    Bybit P2P

Coverage: 39 of 40 annual indicators reported, latest years 2015–2026. Gaps read “not available” (source has no figure) or “not yet covered” (not yet collected), never zero.

Currencies & Rates

Official and market exchange rates, policy rates, government yields, bank rates, reserves and stock indices.

Exchange rates

GHS per US$1. Official and market rates are separate series and are never blended.
SeriesRateAs ofSource
Official rate 11.83 7 Oct 2026, 00:00 UTC BoG
Parallel-market rate (USDT peer-to-peer median) parallel 12.11 8 Oct 2026, 07:10 UTC Bybit P2P
Market premium% by which the market rate exceeds the official rate +2.37% -0.83% pts over 7 days How we measure

Market premium history · since Aug 2026 · collected by The African Exponent

1.9%4.5%7%Aug 2026Sep 2026Oct 2026

Official rate, 10-year annual average (GHS per US$1, World Bank)

2.88.41420142017202020232025

Policy rate

InstrumentRateEffectiveSource
Monetary Policy Rate% per year · Bank of Ghana 14.00% 18 Mar 2026 Bank of Ghana

Checked 12 Sep 2026, 01:31 UTC

Government securities yields

% yield at the latest auction for each tenor. Tenors up to 364 days are Treasury bills; longer tenors are bonds. weighted avg Source: BoG

91-day 4.805%4 Sep 2026
182-day 6.6831%4 Sep 2026
364-day 10.1169%4 Sep 2026

Steep — 364-day above 91-day.

Stock market

not yet covered · GSE Composite

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ghana · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
FX reserves Current US$, total reserves including gold includes gold $4.5B 2024 ↓ $1.1B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Deposit rate % per year, average bank deposit rate 11.4% 2023 ↓ 1.5 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare

Not available for Ghana: Lending rate.

Show trend charts (2)

FX reserves

$4.5B · 2024

$3.6B$6.8B$9.9B201420162018202020222024

↓ $1.1B since 2014

Deposit rate

11.4% · 2023

11%12.5%14%2014201820202023

↓ 1.5 pts since 2014

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Economy & Prices

Output, growth, inflation, jobs, investment, the structure of the economy and minimum wages.

Inflation % change from a year earlier

SeriesYear on yearPeriodSource
Headline consumer prices 5.00% Aug 2026 National statistics office

Food and core inflation are not on the GSS homepage series; they may unlock when the full CPI PDF is reachable.

Checked 12 Sep 2026, 19:49 UTC

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ghana · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
GDP Current US$ $114.2B 2025 ↑ $59.5B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP growth % change, real (inflation-adjusted) 6% 2025 ↑ 3.1 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita (PPP) Current international $ per person, PPP $8,610 2025 ↑ $3,093 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
GDP per capita growth % change per person, real 4% 2025 ↑ 3.6 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Unemployment % of labour force ILO modeled estimate — national definitions differ 3% 2025 ↓ 1.4 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Investment rate Gross fixed capital formation, % of GDP 9.7% 2024 ↓ 16.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Agriculture share of GDP Agriculture value added, % of GDP 21.3% 2025 ↑ 1.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Manufacturing share of GDP Manufacturing value added, % of GDP 10.1% 2025 ↓ 0.9 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Services share of GDP Services value added, % of GDP 42.9% 2025 ↑ 5.5 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (9)

GDP

$114.2B · 2025

$49B$79.5B$110B201520172019202120232025

↑ $59.5B since 2014

GDP growth

6% · 2025

0.5%4.3%8.1%201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.1 pts since 2014

GDP per capita (PPP)

$8,610 · 2025

$5,000$6,800$8,600201520172019202120232025

↑ $3,093 since 2014

GDP per capita growth

4% · 2025

-2%0%6%201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.6 pts since 2014

Unemployment

3% · 2025

2.8%4.8%6.8%201520172019202120232025

↓ 1.4 pts since 2014

Investment rate

9.7% · 2024

9.7%18.4%27%201420162018202020222024

↓ 16.7 pts since 2014

Agriculture share of GDP

21.3% · 2025

17%19%21%201520172019202120232025

↑ 1.7 pts since 2014

Manufacturing share of GDP

10.1% · 2025

10%10.5%11%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.9 pts since 2014

Services share of GDP

42.9% · 2025

40%42.5%45%201520172019202120232025

↑ 5.5 pts since 2014

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Public Finance & Debt

Government revenue, budget balance, public and external debt, debt service and sovereign credit ratings.

Sovereign credit ratings

AgencyRatingOutlook · actionSource
Fitch B PositiveUpgraded 8 May 2026 · as of 8 May 2026 Agency release
Moody's Caa1 PositiveOutlook raised 10 Apr 2026 · as of 10 Apr 2026 Agency release
S&P B- StableAffirmed 27 Mar 2026 · as of 27 Mar 2026 Agency release

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ghana · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Government revenue / GDP General government revenue, % of GDP 2026 is an IMF projection (forecast) for the year in progress when fetched, not a reported outturn. 16.8% 2026 ↑ 3.6 pts since 2014 IMF DataMapper CSV Rank Compare
Budget balance / GDP General government net lending/borrowing, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates -2.3% 2026 ↑ 5.6 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Debt to GDP General government gross debt, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates 53% 2026 ↑ 2.9 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
Gross debt (national currency) General government gross debt, local currency Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates GH¢846.1B 2026 ↑ GH¢766.6B since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV
External debt Total external debt stocks, current US$ $37.4B 2024 ↑ $8.9B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Debt service / exports Total debt service, % of exports and primary income 9.4% 2024 ↓ 7.3 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (6)

Government revenue / GDP

16.8% · 2026

13%15%17%201620182020202220242026

↑ 3.6 pts since 2014

Budget balance / GDP

-2.3% · 2026

-18%-9.7%-1.3%20142017202020232026

↑ 5.6 pts since 2014

Debt to GDP

53% · 2026

48%70.5%93%20142017202020232026

↑ 2.9 pts since 2014

Gross debt (national currency)

GH¢846.1B · 2026

GH¢79BGH¢464.5BGH¢850B20142017202020232026

↑ GH¢766.6B since 2014

External debt

$37.4B · 2024

$28B$37.5B$47B201420162018202020222024

↑ $8.9B since 2014

Debt service / exports

9.4% · 2024

7.3%21.6%36%201420162018202020222024

↓ 7.3 pts since 2014

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Trade & Resources

Exports, imports, trade partners and products, investment and remittance flows, oil and commodities.

Trade profile

Goods and services, current US$
FlowLatestChange
Exports $41.3B · 2025 ↑ $26B since 2014
Imports $32.1B · 2025 ↑ $12.8B since 2014
Balance derived $9.2B · 2025 ↑ $13.2B since 2014
Show trade trend charts (3)

Exports

$41.3B · 2025

$15B$28B$41B20142017202020232025

↑ $26B since 2014

Imports

$32.1B · 2025

$19B$25.5B$32B20142017202020232025

↑ $12.8B since 2014

Balance

$9.2B · 2025

$-4.3B$0$9.2B20142017202020232025

↑ $13.2B since 2014

Top exports · 2025

Products

  1. Pearls, precious stones and metals$20.2B · 63.1%
  2. Cocoa and cocoa preparations$4.5B · 14.0%
  3. Mineral fuels$2.8B · 8.8%
  4. Edible fruit and nuts$779.3M · 2.4%
  5. Plastics$544.8M · 1.7%
Show all 10 products
  1. Iron and steel$392.6M · 1.2%
  2. Ores, slag and ash$380.5M · 1.2%
  3. Animal or vegetable fats and oils$261.6M · 0.8%
  4. Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits$205.5M · 0.6%
  5. Preparations of meat or fish$191.1M · 0.6%

Partners

  1. United Arab Emirates$8.3B · 25.9%
  2. India$5.1B · 16.0%
  3. M49 757$4.5B · 14.2%
  4. South Africa$3.3B · 10.3%
  5. China$1.6B · 4.9%
Show all 10 partners
  1. Netherlands$1.4B · 4.5%
  2. United States$1B · 3.3%
  3. Burkina Faso$941.1M · 2.9%
  4. Belgium$412.3M · 1.3%
  5. France$344.1M · 1.1%

Top imports · 2025

Products

  1. Mineral fuels$5.2B · 25.7%
  2. Vehicles other than railway$3.1B · 15.4%
  3. Machinery and mechanical appliances$2.1B · 10.6%
  4. Plastics$829.3M · 4.1%
  5. Iron and steel$806.8M · 4.0%
Show all 10 products
  1. Electrical machinery and equipment$668.1M · 3.3%
  2. Salt, earths, stone, cement$525.1M · 2.6%
  3. Miscellaneous chemical products$438.7M · 2.2%
  4. Articles of iron or steel$434M · 2.2%
  5. Cereals$383.2M · 1.9%

Partners

  1. China$4.6B · 22.7%
  2. United States$1.4B · 7.0%
  3. India$1.4B · 6.8%
  4. United Arab Emirates$1.2B · 6.0%
  5. Belgium$1B · 5.0%
Show all 10 partners
  1. Netherlands$908.1M · 4.5%
  2. Nigeria$906.1M · 4.5%
  3. United Kingdom$515.9M · 2.6%
  4. Russia$461.7M · 2.3%
  5. Canada$436.3M · 2.2%

2025 filings are still arriving — this page updates as each country reports

Commodity exposure for Ghana →

Annual indicators

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ghana · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Exports of goods and services Goods and services, current US$ $41.3B 2025 ↑ $26B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Exports per capita derived Current US$ per person (derived) $1,178 2025 ↑ $633.77 since 2014 Derived from World Bank series on this page CSV Rank Compare
Current account / GDP Current-account balance, % of GDP Latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates 10.1% 2026 ↑ 16.8 pts since 2014 IMF World Economic Outlook Oct 2025 CSV Rank Compare
FDI inflows Foreign direct investment, net inflows, current US$ $1.9B 2025 ↓ $1.5B since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Remittances Personal remittances received, current US$ $2.4B 2025 ↑ $415.1M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Terms of trade Net barter terms of trade, index (2015 = 100) 148.80 2024 ↑ 41.70 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tourist arrivals International tourist arrivals per year 897,000 2015 ↑ 72,000 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (7)

Exports of goods and services

$41.3B · 2025

$16B$28.5B$41B201520172019202120232025

↑ $26B since 2014

Exports per capita

$1,178 · 2025

$570$885$1,200201520172019202120232025

↑ $633.77 since 2014

Current account / GDP

10.1% · 2026

-7%0%11%20142017202020232026

↑ 16.8 pts since 2014

FDI inflows

$1.9B · 2025

$1.3B$2.6B$3.9B201520172019202120232025

↓ $1.5B since 2014

Remittances

$2.4B · 2025

$1.9B$3.5B$5B201520172019202120232025

↑ $415.1M since 2014

Terms of trade

148.80 · 2024

94.00122.00150.00201420162018202020222024

↑ 41.70 since 2014

Tourist arrivals

897,000 · 2015

820,000860,000900,00020142015

↑ 72,000 since 2014

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People & Society

Population, health, education, poverty and inequality, access to services and democracy.

Annual indicators · latest year reported for Ghana · change over the period shown
Indicator Latest Year Change Source Data
Population People, total 35.1M 2025 ↑ 7M since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Median age Years 20.9 years 2023 ↑ 1.3 years since 2014 UN WPP 2024, via Our World in Data CSV
Life expectancy Years at birth 65.7 years 2024 ↑ 2.9 years since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Child mortality Under-5 deaths per 1,000 live births 35.9 per 1,000 2024 ↓ 19 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Health expenditure Current health spending, % of GDP 2.9% 2023 ↓ 1.1 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Physicians Per 1,000 people 0.3 per 1,000 2023 ↑ 0.2 since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Adult literacy % of people aged 15 and over 76.5% 2021 ↑ 16.3 pts since 2015 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Tertiary enrollment Gross enrolment ratio, % 21.3% 2024 ↑ 6.2 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Poverty ($3/day) % of people below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) 39% 2016 — World Bank CSV Rank Compare
National poverty line % of people below the national poverty line 23.4% 2016 — World Bank CSV
Gini index Income inequality, 0 (equal) to 100 43.50 2016 — World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electricity access % of population 91.9% 2024 ↑ 13.6 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Internet users % of population using the internet 72.2% 2024 ↑ 53.2 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Account ownership % of people aged 15+ with an account Findex · every 3–4 years 81.2% 2024 ↑ 40.7 pts since 2014 World Bank CSV Rank Compare
Electoral democracy V-Dem electoral democracy index, 0 to 1 0.71 2025 ↓ 0.04 since 2014 V-Dem Institute CSV Rank Compare
Show trend charts (15)

Population

35.1M · 2025

28M31.5M35M201520172019202120232025

↑ 7M since 2014

Median age

20.9 years · 2023

1920212014201820202023

↑ 1.3 years since 2014

Life expectancy

65.7 years · 2024

626466201420162018202020222024

↑ 2.9 years since 2014

Child mortality

35.9 per 1,000 · 2024

354555201420162018202020222024

↓ 19 since 2014

Health expenditure

2.9% · 2023

2.4%3.5%4.5%2014201820202023

↓ 1.1 pts since 2014

Physicians

0.3 per 1,000 · 2023

0.10.20.32014201820202023

↑ 0.2 since 2014

Adult literacy

76.5% · 2021

60%68%76%2015201720192021

↑ 16.3 pts since 2015

Tertiary enrollment

21.3% · 2024

15%18.5%22%201420162018202020222024

↑ 6.2 pts since 2014

Poverty ($3/day)

39% · 2016

2016

National poverty line

23.4% · 2016

2016

Gini index

43.50 · 2016

2016

Electricity access

91.9% · 2024

74%83%92%201420162018202020222024

↑ 13.6 pts since 2014

Internet users

72.2% · 2024

19%45.5%72%201420162018202020222024

↑ 53.2 pts since 2014

Account ownership

81.2% · 2024

40%60.5%81%201420162018202020222024

↑ 40.7 pts since 2014

Electoral democracy

0.71 · 2025

0.650.690.74201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.04 since 2014

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Downloads

Each indicator row above has its own CSV link. Every file starts with its source, source URL and page link. All downloads

All 43 CSV files for Ghana

Currencies & Rates

Economy & Prices

Public Finance & Debt

Trade & Resources

People & Society

From the magazine