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The African Exponent DATA

Country

🇷🇼 Rwanda

RW · RWF Rwandan franc · Compare Rwanda →

Policy rate not yet covered
Headline inflation 15.70% Aug 2026
FX premium +1.44% market vs official
Latest T-bill 8.23% 91-day · 4 Jun 2026

Tier 1 · Markets

The Market Now

Series Per US$1 As of Source
Official reference 1,478.71 26 Sep 2026, 00:02 UTC BNR reference (open.er-api.com)
Marketparallel 1,499.95 25 Sep 2026, 14:30 UTC Bybit P2P
Premium +1.44% — market vs official

Official rate, 10-year annual average (World Bank)

6801,0401,40020142017202020232025

Premium history · since Aug 2026 · our collectors

-3%0%5%Aug 2026Sep 2026

Download CSV — FX history · Download CSV — official rate, annual

Tier 2 · Policy & Prices

Policy & Prices

Policy rate

not yet covered

Inflation

Headline 15.70% Aug 2026 headline urban Source
Food 16.30% Aug 2026 Food & non-alcoholic beverages Source
Core 11.50% Aug 2026 excluding fresh food and energy Source

As of 12 Sep 2026, 19:49 UTC

Download CSV — headline · Download CSV — food · Download CSV — core

Yield curve

yield BNR

91-day 8.23% 4 Jun 2026
182-day 8.37% 4 Jun 2026
364-day 8.96% 4 Jun 2026

Steep — 364-day above 91-day.

as of 4 Jun 2026

Download CSV — auction history

Tier 3 · Structure

Structure & trajectory

Annual indicators, latest available year on each card · Sources: World Bank / UN / IMF WEO Oct 2025 / V-Dem / EIA

23 of 28 indicators improving improving

Rule: for each metric with at least two observations, direction is the sign of (latest − earliest). Child mortality, $3/day poverty, national poverty, debt service, debt-to-GDP, and the Gini index are inverted (a decline is improvement). Overall: improving if ≥60% of those metrics improved, mixed if 40–60%, worsening if <40%.

Population

14.6M · 2025

11M13M15M201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.2M since 2014

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GDP per capita (PPP)

$4,164 · 2025

$1,700$2,950$4,200201520172019202120232025

↑ $2,509 since 2014

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GDP per capita growth

7% · 2025

-5%0%8%201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.9 pts since 2014

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Life expectancy

68 years · 2024

6566.568201420162018202020222024

↑ 2.9 years since 2014

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Child mortality

37.7 per 1,000 · 2024

374349201420162018202020222024

↓ 11.5 since 2014

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Internet users

31.7% · 2024

10%21%32%201420162018202020222024

↑ 21.1 pts since 2014

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Manufacturing share of GDP

8.3% · 2025

6.7%8%9.2%201520172019202120232025

↑ 1.4 pts since 2014

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Electricity access

72% · 2024

19%45.5%72%201420162018202020222024

↑ 52.2 pts since 2014

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Poverty ($3/day)

38.6% · 2023

38%51%64%201620202023

↓ 25.2 pts since 2016

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Adult literacy

78.8% · 2022

70%75%80%20142016201820202022

↑ 8 pts since 2014

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Debt service / exports

8% · 2024

7.9%18.4%29%201420162018202020222024

↓ 4.6 pts since 2014

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Exports of goods and services

$4.3B · 2024

$1.3B$2.8B$4.3B201420162018202020222024

↑ $3B since 2014

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GDP growth

9.4% · 2025

-3%0%10%201520172019202120232025

↑ 3.7 pts since 2014

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GDP

$16.4B · 2025

$8.4B$12.2B$16B201520172019202120232025

↑ $8.2B since 2014

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Unemployment

11.4% · 2025

10%13%16%201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.5 pts since 2014

ILO modeled estimate — national definitions differ

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FDI inflows

$572.9M · 2024

$150M$360M$570M201420162018202020222024

↑ $258.9M since 2014

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Remittances

$517M · 2024

$150M$335M$520M201420162018202020222024

↑ $333.5M since 2014

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External debt

$13.1B · 2024

$2.9B$8B$13B201420162018202020222024

↑ $10.1B since 2014

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Agriculture share of GDP

20.3% · 2025

20%23%26%201520172019202120232025

↓ 3.4 pts since 2014

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Services share of GDP

52.3% · 2025

48%50%52%201520172019202120232025

↑ 2.4 pts since 2014

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Investment rate

32.2% · 2025

18%26%34%201520172019202120232025

↑ 9.3 pts since 2014

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Terms of trade

129.90 · 2024

97.00113.50130.00201420162018202020222024

↑ 32.90 since 2014

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FX reserves

$2B · 2025

$910M$1.7B$2.4B201520172019202120232025

↑ $1B since 2014

includes gold

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Lending rate

16% · 2024

16%16.5%17%201420162018202020222024

↓ 1.2 pts since 2014

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Deposit rate

10.3% · 2024

7.5%8.8%10%201420162018202020222024

↑ 2.1 pts since 2014

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Gini index

39.40 · 2023

39.0041.5044.00201620202023

↓ 4.30 since 2016

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Health expenditure

5.1% · 2023

4.9%6%7%2014201820202023

↓ 1.9 pts since 2014

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Physicians

0.1 per 1,000 · 2022

0.0890.11450.1420142016201820202022

↑ 0 since 2014

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Tertiary enrollment

9.4% · 2024

6.3%7.8%9.4%201420162018202020222024

↑ 2.1 pts since 2014

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Tourist arrivals

1.6M · 2019

1.2M1.4M1.7M201420152016201720182019

↑ 414,000 since 2014

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Account ownership

50% · 2017

42%46%50%2014201520162017

↑ 7.9 pts since 2014

Findex · every 3–4 years

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Exports per capita derived

$300.35 · 2024

$110$205$300201420162018202020222024

↑ $183.48 since 2014

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Median age

19.4 years · 2023

1818.5192014201820202023

↑ 1.3 years since 2014

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Government revenue / GDP

20.3% · 2026

19%21.5%24%201620182020202220242026

↓ 3.6 pts since 2014

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Debt to GDP

66.8% · 2026

29%48%67%20142017202020232026

↑ 37.2 pts since 2014

Source: IMF WEO · latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates

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Gross debt (national currency)

RWF 17.4T · 2026

RWF 1.6TRWF 9.3TRWF 17.0T20142017202020232026

↑ RWF 15.7T since 2014

Source: IMF WEO · latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates

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Current account / GDP

-13.4% · 2026

-16%-12.5%-9%20142017202020232026

↓ 1.9 pts since 2014

Source: IMF WEO · latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates

Download CSV

Budget balance / GDP

-4.3% · 2026

-9.3%-5.8%-2.3%20142017202020232026

↓ 0.4 pts since 2014

Source: IMF WEO · latest 1–2 years are IMF estimates

Download CSV

Electoral democracy

0.19 · 2025

0.190.210.23201520172019202120232025

↓ 0.03 since 2014

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Trade profile

Exports

$4.3B · 2024

$1.3B$2.8B$4.3B201420162018202020222024

↑ $3B since 2014

Imports

$6.5B · 2024

$2.6B$4.5B$6.5B201420162018202020222024

↑ $3.9B since 2014

Balance derived

−$2.3B · 2024

$-2.3B$-1.8B$-1.2B201420162018202020222024

↓ $929M since 2014

Top exports · 2022

Products

  1. Pearls, precious stones and metals $557.9M · 27.6%
  2. Ores, slag and ash $252.6M · 12.5%
  3. Coffee, tea, spices $202.6M · 10.0%
  4. Mineral fuels $198.5M · 9.8%
  5. Cereal, flour, starch preparations $71.6M · 3.5%
  6. Animal or vegetable fats and oils $67.1M · 3.3%
  7. Milling products $65.3M · 3.2%
  8. Cereals $63.8M · 3.2%
  9. Salt, earths, stone, cement $46.2M · 2.3%
  10. Sugars and confectionery $46.1M · 2.3%

Partners

  1. DR Congo $768.3M · 38.0%
  2. United Arab Emirates $590.3M · 29.2%
  3. China $96.8M · 4.8%
  4. India $71.2M · 3.5%
  5. United Kingdom $46.5M · 2.3%
  6. Hong Kong $39.4M · 2.0%
  7. Pakistan $38.9M · 1.9%
  8. Ethiopia $36.5M · 1.8%
  9. Singapore $32.7M · 1.6%
  10. United States $23.7M · 1.2%

Top imports · 2022

Products

  1. Mineral fuels $786.1M · 15.3%
  2. Pearls, precious stones and metals $510.3M · 10.0%
  3. Electrical machinery and equipment $322M · 6.3%
  4. Machinery and mechanical appliances $308.1M · 6.0%
  5. Cereals $271.1M · 5.3%
  6. Animal or vegetable fats and oils $226.6M · 4.4%
  7. Iron and steel $199.9M · 3.9%
  8. Sugars and confectionery $194.8M · 3.8%
  9. Articles of iron or steel $169.4M · 3.3%
  10. Vehicles other than railway $159M · 3.1%

Partners

  1. China $1.1B · 21.0%
  2. Tanzania $567.9M · 11.1%
  3. Kenya $478.8M · 9.3%
  4. India $475.6M · 9.3%
  5. United Arab Emirates $419.1M · 8.2%
  6. Saudi Arabia $161.9M · 3.2%
  7. South Africa $130.8M · 2.6%
  8. Belgium $125.8M · 2.5%
  9. Indonesia $107.9M · 2.1%
  10. Türkiye $103M · 2.0%

2025 filings are still arriving — this page updates as each country reports

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